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P. DUBIAU. STEAM GENERATOR.

N0'. 522,517. Patented July 3,1894.

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No. 522,517.'l PatentedJuly 3, 1.894.

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`UNrrED; STATES PAUL DUBIAU, OF MARSEILLES, FRANCE.

PATENT' OFFICE."

STEAM-GENERATOR.

' SPECIFICATION forming-part of Letters Patent No. 522,51*?dated July 3, 1894.

Application filed November 22, 1893. Serial No. 491.646. (No model.) Patented in France January 14., 1893, No. 227,055, and in Belgium July 15, 1893.150. 105,555.

To @ZZ whom it may concern.:

Be it known that I, PAUL DUBIAUa citizen of France, and a resident of Marseilles, in

the Department 0f the Bouches-du-Rhne,`

France, have invented a new and useful Improvement in or Connectedwith Steam-Generators, (for which I have obtained Letters Patent in France, No. 227,055, dated January 14, 1893, and in Belgium, No. 105,555, dated July l5, 1893,) of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to means for insuring a rapid circulation of the water in contact with the heated surfacesor plates of the boilers or steam generators of all descriptions.

The apparatus employed according to this inventionl has no moving parts and its action is produced and regulated automatically and solely by the generation ofthe steam as hereinafter explained.

The apparatus is based upon the utiliza-I tion of the action of acurrent of steam and water for example both being at the same temperature in which current when caused to ascend in a small tube, the bubbles of steam notwithstanding their small density do not pass through the water and do not escape except by driving before them' the layers or pistons of liquid situated between them.

In order to cause the water to circulate in a steam generator according to this invention one or more series of tubes of small diameterv is arranged vertically in the` interior of the boiler or generator and in a suitable position as hereinafter described their upper extremi- .ties communicating with the steam space in the upper part of the generator and having their lower ends situated below the level of the main Vbody of Water in the boiler in a part forming a bell'or steam collector. .The lower orifices of the tubes or 'series of tubes being situated at the level of the surface of the body ofw'ater in the bell the series of. tubes drops of water before them and" thus insure A screen or deflect# a very rapid circulation. ing plate can be arranged above the tubes if required. YA passage for the returnrof the water must always be `provided outside the mixing tubes in order to conduct back tothe lower'part of the boiler the water which has passed through the tubes. This return passage exists or is already provided for in most boilers.

In order that the said invention may be fully understood I shall now proceed more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to the severalV gures on the annexed sheet of drawings the same lletters and numerals of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the figures.4

Figure l of the accompanying drawings is a diagram illustrating the principle of the invention. Fig. 2 illustrates in longitudinal sec- ,tion a special typel of tubular boiler provided withmixing tubes according to this invention. Fig. 3 illustrates the same boiler partly in transverse section and partly in end elevation. Fig. t represents the boiler in horizontal4 sect-ion showing one of the series of mixing tubes and the normal return or redux of water in the boiler. Fig. 5 drawn to a 'larger scale illustrates a detail of the fitting of the mixing tubes as arranged in the upper part of a boiler analogous to that represented in Fig. 2,. Fig. 6 illustrates this arrangement )in .plan the tubes .being of angular or hexagonal form in section in order thatthey may occupy as little space as possible. Figs. '7 and 8 illustrate in longitudinal and transverse section respectively a boiler with a wa- 'ter chamber provided with a mixing apparatus according to this invention.

As represented in Fig. l the apparatus is provided with a steam collector or bell A arranged ybelow the normal level of the water and receiving in its upper part a portion of the steam which is generatedunderneath it.

B is a series of mixing tubes consisting of tubes of small diameter passing through the upper part of the bell A to which they aren connected by a watertight joint. The upper endsof the tubes are situated abovethe level of the main body of liquid yin the boiler. Directly the steam is generated it accumulates and forms a layer in the upper part of the bell A and drives outa portion of the water until the level of the Water that is to say v the division between the steam and the wa- ICO ter in the bell has been brought down to the level of the'lowe'r ends of the tubes. The

lower extremities of the tubes being cut or formed at an angle or obliquely as represented in the drawings they are gradually uncovered and a mixture of water and steam is blown up and passes through the tubes. The mixture and circulation of the water are thereby caused to take place in a continuous manner, the water returning to the bell in the direction indicated by the arrows C.

A screen D may be arranged above the series of tubes in order to facilitate the separation of the water from the bubbles of steam but this screen is not indispensable to the working of the apparatus as the bubbles of steam do not become very intimately mixed with the plugs or pistons of water which they drive before them and the separation takes place naturally or spontaneously. The upper ends of the tubes are arranged in the same horizontal plane so that the discharge takes place from all the tubes simultaneously.

As an example illustrating the practical application of the invention I will now proceed to describe it in detail as applied to a sectional boiler constructed with a number of water tubes as represented in Figs. 2 to 6 of the accompanying drawings.

In the upper part of a box or case l (Fig. 2) connected with the upper ends of the main water tubes 2 is arranged a series of vertical tubes B passing through the bottom 3 of the upper chamber of the boiler. These tubes are represented as being of hexagonal form and their lower extremities are cut obliquely as represented in Figs. 5 and 6. In this arrangement the upper part of the chamber l acts in the same way as the bell or steam collector A Fig. l and the division between the steam and the water is formed in this chamber in the plane 4 (Fig. 5) so that the excess of steam in the chamber drives a portion of the water up the tubes B.

As represented in Fig. G the mixing apparatus is formed in this instance by two series of tubes. The type of boiler illustrated in Figs. 2, 3 and 4 has been selected in order to show that the mixing or circulating tubes may be arranged in dilerent parts of the boiler. With this object an intermediate water chamber is provided at 5 between the two clusters of water tubes and communicates at its extremity with a' chamber 6 containing a series of mixing or circulating tubes 7 communicating with the upper chamber 8 of the boiler. This second mixing or circulating apparatus acts in the same way as the first and the bell A is formed in this case by a water tight joint or partition 9 Fig. 3 by which the tubes 7 are supported in the chamber 6. A continuous circulation of the water is provided tor by means ot' a return tube 10 Fig. 4 which conducts the water to the lower part of the boiler or to the lower collector or lwater chamber 1l. A return pipe ot this description is provided in almost all kinds of boilers.

Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate the arrangement of the mixing or circulating apparatus in a boiler with a water chamber arranged underneath the main body of the boiler. In this case the bell or steam collector is formed by the upper part of the lower water chamber and the water in circulation after ascending through the mixing tubes returns to the lower part of the Water chamber through a tube C as represented by the arrows.

It is unnecessary to illustrate other examples ot' the application of the invention the foregoing explanations being sullicient to en-.

able the apparatus to be applied to any other type of boiler whether provided with water chambers as in the case of elephant boilers or not as well as to fixed or portable tubular boilers for example.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature ot' the said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim isl. In a steam generator, the combination with the boiler thereof, ot a steam collector arranged in said boiler below the normal water level, a series of vertical tubes leading from the upper portion of said collector to a point above the normal water level in the boiler, the lower ends of said tubes being cut olf oblquely, substantially as described and for the purpose specified.

2. In a steam generator, the combination with the boiler thereof, of an inverted bellshaped steam collector located in said boiler below the normal water level, and a series of tubes leading from the upper portion of said steam collector to a point above the normal water line in the boiler, the lower ends of said tubes being cut ott' obliquely, substantially as described and for the purpose specified.

3. In a steam generator, the combination with the boiler thereof, of a steam collector arranged in said boiler below the normal water level, a series of hexagonal shaped vertical tubes arranged as shown and leading from the upper portion of said collector to a point above the normal water level in the boiler, the lower ends of said tubes being out off obliquely, substantially as described and for the purpose specified.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence ol two subscribing witnesses.

PAUL DUBIAU. Witnesses:

EMILE MERIARE, Constructor, 27 Boulevard de Rouet, Mar- .sellles FRANoIs FARCADE, Engineer, 112 Rue de Rome, llarsellles.

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